Document Type

Article

Publication Title

Sustainable Development

Abstract

The design of lighting systems, has, in recent years, transcended the basic function of providing visibility, becoming a key com-ponent of promoting the health and well-being of occupants by integrating biological, psychological, and energy aspects. Thegrowing understanding of the effects of light on the circadian cycle has posed a fundamental challenge in luminaire design. Thetwo before-mentioned review is, to analyze how light, both artificial and natural, affects the well-being and health of occupantsin various indoor environments, such as classrooms, hospitals and offices, Indoor lighting research has advanced significantly,recognizing both visual and non-visual effects on human health. These efforts focus on balancing the functionality, comfort andsustainability, of illuminated environments. These regulations and studies reinforce the importance of designing lighting envi-ronments that harmonize energy efficiency with physical and psychological health benefits. The implementation of lighting sys-tems that respect the natural rhythms of the human body not only improves general well-being but also contributes to long-termsustainability. This review reveals the complexity of evaluating the mutual interactions between light and architecture in orderto define their effect on circadian systems. Many questions remain open, mainly due to the lack of a clear and shared methodto assess the effects of lighting on circadian rhythm regulation, although there are many lines of research on improvements tocurrent rules and regulations and adapting light sources according to use, considering age, the climate zone and the time, of dayto ensure people's health and well-being.

First Page

1067

Last Page

1095

DOI

10.1002/sd.70201

Publication Date

9-2025

Language

eng

Rights

open access

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